HEPATITIS B
Keywords:
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B virus, jigar yallig‘lanishi (hepatit), o‘tkir gepatit, surunkali gepatit, gepatosit zararlanishi, jigar fibrozasi, jigar sirrozi, hepatotsellar karsinoma, HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBe, HBV DNK, serologik diagnostika, molekulyar diagnostika, jigar biopsiyasi, ultratovush tekshiruv, interferon terapiyasi, nukleozid analoglari (lamivudin, entekavir, tenofovir), replikatsiya susaytiruvchi preparatlar..Abstract
Ushbu maqolada Hepatitis B kasalligining etiologiyasi, patogenezi, klinik kechishi, diagnostikasi va davolash tamoyillari ilmiy asosda yoritilgan. Hepatit B — bu gepatit B virusi (HBV) tomonidan chaqiriladigan yuqori yuqumli surunkali virusli infeksion kasallik bo‘lib, jigar to‘qimasining yallig‘lanishi, fibroz va sirtik jarayonlar rivojlanishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Kasallikning tarqalishiga qon va suyuq biologik muhit orqali yuqish, shuningdek, perinatal va jinsiy yo‘llar orqali yuqish kabi mexanizmlar ta’sir qiladi.
Maqolada HBV ning biologik xususiyatlari, uning genom tarkibi va virion tuzilishi tahlil qilingan. Virus hujayra ichiga kirib, gepatotsitlarda replikatsiyalanadi va immun javob natijasida jigar yallig‘lanishi rivojlanadi. Klinik jihatdan kasallik o‘tkir yoki surunkali shaklda kechishi mumkin; o‘tkir fazada ishtaha yo‘qolishi, ko‘ngil aynishi, qorin og‘rig‘i, jigar funksiyasi testlarining oshishi kuzatiladi, surunkali shaklda esa gepatositlar zararlanishi uzoq muddat davom etadi va jigar sirrozi hamda hepatotsellar karsinomasiga olib kelishi mumkin.
Diagnostika jarayonida serologik testlar — HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe va HBV DNK molekulyar testlari muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Shuningdek, jigar biopsiyasi va ultratovush tekshiruvlari organ zararlanishining darajasini aniqlash imkonini beradi. Davolash odatda interferon preparatlari va nukleozid analoglari yordamida amalga oshiriladi, bu esa virus replikatsiyasini susaytiradi va jigar to‘qimasining yallig‘lanishini kamaytiradi.
Hepatit B bilan kurashda profilaktika choralarining ahamiyati katta: BCG ga o‘xshash tarzda, HBV ga qarshi vaksinatsiya, qon mahsulotlarini skrining qilish, xavfli kontaktlardan saqlanish va gigiyenik choralarni kuchaytirish kasallik tarqalishini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi. Shu bilan birga, aholining virusli gepatitlar haqida xabardorligini oshirish va ijtimoiy-sog‘liqni saqlash strategiyalarini
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