THE WAYS OF REALIZING LINGUISTIC POLITENESS IN ENGLISH AND KARAKALPAK CULTURES
Abstract
In the context of globalization, linguistic politeness has become a key area in pragmatics and intercultural communication. This study provides a comparative analysis of how politeness is realized in English and Karakalpak cultures. The findings show that English politeness is mainly based on indirectness, modal verbs, and mitigation strategies, reflecting individualistic values. In contrast, Karakalpak politeness emphasizes respect, social hierarchy, and culturally embedded expressions, reflecting collectivist norms. Overall, the study demonstrates that while politeness is universal in function, its realization is culturally specific. Therefore, understanding these differences is essential for effective intercultural communication and language teaching.
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